The existence of God is among the oldest and most contested questions in human thought. Science, by its nature, is equipped to describe how the universe works — its laws, its structure, its history. What it cannot do, without stepping outside its own boundaries, is answer why there is a universe at all, why its laws take the precise form they do, or why those laws permit the emergence of beings capable of asking the question in the first place.
These are not gaps in scientific knowledge waiting to be filled. They are structurally different kinds of questions — ones that science approaches its limits in addressing.
The Qurʾān does not ask its reader to believe in God on faith alone, setting reason aside. It takes the opposite position: it invites observation, demands reflection, and offers evidence. "Soon We will show Our signs in the horizons of the universe as well as within themselves, so that the truth and authenticity of the Qurʾān may be revealed to them." (Al-Fuṣṣilāt 41:53)
Throughout history, prophets offered extraordinary events as evidence of their mission — signs that exceeded ordinary explanation. The Qurʾān presents a different kind of evidence. Its miracles are not suspensions of natural law; they are precise descriptions of natural law, expressed in the language available at the time of revelation, that have only become fully legible as science has advanced.
The oaths of the Qurʾān — its sworn affirmations — are among the clearest examples. "Verily, I swear by the landing positions of the stars. Surely, this is a great oath, if you could know. That this is indeed the noble Qurʾān." (Al-Wāqiʿa 56:75–77)
These oaths invoke specific phenomena in the natural world as witnesses to the truth of what follows. In documentary after documentary in The Signs (Al-Āyāt) series, Dr. Rastegar demonstrates how these verses — long opaque to classical exegetes — describe, with measurable precision, phenomena that modern cosmology, quantum physics, and astrophysics have only recently characterized.
The argument is not that science proves God. It is more precise than that: the Qurʾān contains knowledge of the physical world that could not have been accessible to seventh-century Arabia by any ordinary means. That fact is itself the evidence the Qurʾān puts forward.
Modern physics holds that all phenomena in the universe can be understood through four fundamental forces: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear. Together these forces account for every physical interaction we can observe, from the motion of galaxies to the decay of subatomic particles.
What is remarkable is not merely that these forces exist — but that they are precisely calibrated. Had the gravitational constant been fractionally stronger, the universe would have collapsed before stars could form. Had the electromagnetic force been slightly weaker, atoms could not hold together. The fine-tuning of these constants, each interdependent on the others, is among the most striking features of the physical world.
The Qurʾān describes a governing system over the phenomena of the universe — one with characteristics that differ from, yet engage directly with, the scientific picture. In the documentary The Forces of Nature, Dr. Rastegar examines the Qurʾānic verses that address the system governing the universe, comparing its described characteristics with those of the four forces of nature. What emerges is a framework that modern physics is only beginning to approach from the outside.
One of the most cited challenges to theism in modern physics is the uncertainty principle. At the quantum level, the behavior of elementary particles cannot be fully predicted — there is irreducible randomness built into the fabric of the universe. For many, this seems to undercut the idea of a designed, purposeful creation.
The documentary Relations in the Universe addresses this directly. Dr. Rastegar examines the Qurʾānic verses that describe the world of elementary particles and shows that the Qurʾān does not ignore quantum uncertainty — it addresses the apparent contradiction it poses for theists, and resolves it in a way that neither physics alone nor classical theology alone could produce. (Note: the full documentary is temporarily unavailable due to a copyright claim — the link above goes to the QSI YouTube channel, where short clips are available.)